What are the components of a single-story steel‑structure factory building?
Single-layer Steel structure A factory building is typically a spatial structural system composed of roof structures, columns, crane girders, brake beams (or brake trusses), various types of bracing, and wall frames. These components can be classified into the following categories according to their functions:
(1), Horizontal frame Composed of columns and the roof trusses or roof‑girder beams they support, it constitutes the primary load‑bearing system of single‑story steel‑frame industrial buildings, bearing the structure’s self‑weight, wind and snow loads, as well as the vertical and lateral loads from cranes, and transmitting these loads to the foundations.
(2), Roof structure The structural system that bears the roof loads includes the transverse beams of the lateral frames, brackets, intermediate roof trusses, skylight frames, purlins, and other components.
(3), Support system It includes roof‑truss bracing and intercolumnar bracing, among other elements. On the one hand, it forms the longitudinal frame of a single‑story steel‑structure industrial building together with columns and crane girders, thereby resisting lateral horizontal loads; on the other hand, it integrates the primary load‑bearing system from individual planar structures into a three‑dimensional spatial framework, thus ensuring the stiffness and stability required for single‑story steel‑structure buildings.
(4), Crane beam and brake beam (Or the bracing truss) primarily resists the crane’s vertical and horizontal loads and transfers these loads to the transverse and longitudinal frames.
(5), Wall shelf It bears the self-weight of the wall and wind loads.
In addition, there are several secondary components, such as ladders, walkways, doors, and windows. In certain single-story steel‑framed industrial buildings, working platforms are also provided to meet process‑operation requirements.
I. Column Grid Layout
The layout of column rows refers to the arrangement of load-bearing columns in a single-story steel‑structure factory building on the plan, that is, the grid formed by their longitudinal and transverse reference axes. In a single-story steel‑structure building, the span is the distance between the longitudinal reference axes of the columns, while the bay width is the distance between the transverse reference axes of the columns.
II. Temperature Expansion Joints
Temperature variations induce structural deformation, giving rise to thermal stresses in the steel structure of the building. Therefore, when the building’s plan dimensions are substantial, temperature expansion joints should be provided in both the transverse and longitudinal directions of the steel frame to prevent excessive thermal deformation and thermal stresses.
The arrangement of temperature expansion joints is determined by the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the steel structure. In long, longitudinally extended factory buildings, significant thermal expansion and contraction of the longitudinal members can induce substantial structural deformation, generating considerable thermal stresses within the members and potentially leading to damage to walls and roofs. To prevent such adverse effects, transverse temperature expansion joints are typically employed to divide single‑storey steel‑frame factories into thermally independent segments that remain unaffected by each other during thermal expansion and contraction.
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